Treasury Bond Calculator USA

Treasury Bond Price Formula:

\[ P = \sum_{t=1}^{n} \frac{C}{(1 + r)^t} + \frac{F}{(1 + r)^n} \]

Face Value (F):

USD

Coupon Rate:

decimal

Yield to Maturity:

decimal

Years to Maturity:

years

Payments per Year (m):

Bond Price (P):

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1. What is the Treasury Bond Price Formula?

The Treasury Bond Price Formula calculates the present value of a bond's future cash flows, including periodic coupon payments and the final face value payment at maturity. It's essential for bond valuation and investment analysis.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the bond pricing formula:

\[ P = \sum_{t=1}^{n} \frac{C}{(1 + r)^t} + \frac{F}{(1 + r)^n} \]

Where:

\( P \) — Bond price (USD)
\( C \) — Periodic coupon payment = (coupon rate × F) ÷ m (USD)
\( r \) — Periodic yield to maturity = yield ÷ m (decimal)
\( t \) — Period number (unitless)
\( F \) — Face value (USD)
\( n \) — Total number of periods = years × m (unitless)
\( m \) — Payments per year (unitless)

Explanation: The formula discounts all future cash flows (coupon payments and face value) to their present value using the required yield rate.

3. Importance of Bond Price Calculation

Details: Accurate bond pricing is crucial for investment decisions, portfolio management, risk assessment, and understanding the relationship between bond prices and interest rates.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter face value in USD, coupon rate and yield as decimals (e.g., 0.05 for 5%), years to maturity, and select payment frequency. All values must be positive.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What is the relationship between bond price and yield?
A: Bond prices and yields have an inverse relationship. When yields rise, bond prices fall, and vice versa.

Q2: How does coupon rate affect bond price?
A: Higher coupon rates generally result in higher bond prices, all else being equal.

Q3: What happens when bond price equals face value?
A: When bond price equals face value, the bond is trading at par, meaning the yield equals the coupon rate.

Q4: How does time to maturity affect bond price sensitivity?
A: Longer-term bonds are more sensitive to interest rate changes than shorter-term bonds.

Q5: What is the difference between current yield and yield to maturity?
A: Current yield is annual coupon payment divided by current price, while YTM considers all future cash flows and price appreciation/depreciation.